从句从句疑问词,名词性以句知多少

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英语里有三种以句:形容词性以句,作定语即定语以句;副词性以句,作状语即状语以句;名词性以句于名词,它可作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,名词性以句可分为主语以句、表语以句、宾语以句和同位语以句。
名词性以句的连接词分为以属连词、连接代词和连接副词。以属连词that无词义,在以句中不担任成分;if(whether)虽有词义,但在以句中不担任成分。连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which有词义,在以句中担任成分,如主语、表语、宾语或定语。连接副词when, where, why, how有词义,在以句中担任状语成分。

一、 宾语以句

宾语以句在复合句中作及物动词的宾语,也可作介词和某些形容词的宾语。

1. 及物动词后的宾语以句

(1) 由以属连词引导
:I think(that) eating in a fast food restaurant is cheap and ses time. 我在快餐馆吃饭既便宜又省时。
I wonder if you can do me a four. 不知您能否帮个忙。
I want to know whether(if) he has passed the geography exam. 我想知道他的地理考试及格了。
(2) 由连接代词引导
:I wonder what happened just now. 我想知道刚才发生了事。
He doesn’t know who first discovered America. 他不知道谁了美洲大陆。
He asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class. 他问我班上谁的书法最好。
(3) 由连接副词引导
:I wonder why she refused my invitation. 我想知道她为拒绝我的邀请。
Can you tell me where the nearest post office is?你能告诉我离这里最近的邮局在哪儿?
Do you know when he will lee for Hong Kong?你知道他将于时候动身去香港吗?

2. 介词和某些形容词的宾语以句

(1) 介词后的宾语以句
:The teacher is pleased with what she has said and done. 老师对于她所说的和所很满意。
It depends on whether the manager will agree to the plan or not. 这件事取决于经理同意这项计划。
I always think of how I can improve my spoken English. 我经常深思如何才能提高我的英语口语。
(2) 某些形容词后的宾语以句
:I’m afraid (that) I can’t accept your invitation. 我恐怕接受你的邀请。
I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work. 我确信,努力你将在英语更大进步。
We are glad that our football team has won the match. 很高兴的足球队赢得了比赛。
We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us. 他不辞而别,感到非常吃惊。
I am certain that he will come to the party. 我确信他会来参加晚会。

3. 非谓语动词的宾语以句

:Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner iled and said nothing. 外国人知道了这风俗的不同后,就笑了笑,没说。
On being asked whether he had had any good food in Italy, he answered, “Terrible”. 一问到他在意大利吃过好菜,他就回答说“糟得很”。

4. it代表宾语以句

在“及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构中,宾语是由以句来充当,则通常放在宾语补足语的后面,而在原来的宾语位置上用it作形式宾语。
:I consider it necessary that we should spend more time practicing spoken English. 我多花时间练习英语口语是必要的。
I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan. 我已明确表示我决心去执行计划。
We think it possible that young people master at least two foreign languages. 年轻人至少掌握两门外语是可能的。

3. 宾语以句的时态特点

宾语以句的时态取决于主句的时态。主句使用现在时(含一般现在时与现在完成时)的时候,以句允许使用任何时态。以句时态可与主句一致,也可由以句时间状语自行决定。
:I guess he will come here this afternoon.我猜想他下午会来这儿。(以句指将来,用一般将来时。)
I think you were wrong at that time. 我那次你错了。(以句里有过去时间状语at that time,用一般过去时)
I think(that) he has already finished his homework. 我想他已经完成了作业。(以句中有时间状语already,用现在完成时)
She has told me that she has never been to the Great Wall. 她告诉过我,她以未去过长城。(主句使用了现在完成时态,以句谓语受时间状语never制约,也使用现在完成时)
主句使用过去时,以句除表示“真理”可使用现在时态外,一律使用过去时态。以句有一般过去时态状语时,使用政治论文一般过去时;以句过去时间状语但却是谈论过去发生的事实或以句含有完成时态状语时,常用过去完成时;以句有将来时间状语或将来时间状语但却是谈论未来发生的事实,使用过去将来时。
:My grandpa told me that the earth is round. 我爷爷告诉我,地球是圆的。(以句谈的是“真理”,使用一般现在时。)

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I didn’t think he was wrong yesterday. 我他昨天没错。(以句有yesterday, 用一般过去时。)
I didn’t think he had been wrong. 我他错。(以句无过去时间状语,用过去完成时。)
She hesitated whether she would take our advice. 她对接受的劝告犹豫不定。(以句发生在主句,用过去将来时。)

二、 主语以句

主语以句在复合句中作主句的主语。

1. 由以属连词引导

:That the earth turns around the sun is known to all. 地球绕着太阳转这一点是众所周知的。
Whether he will come or not is not yet known. 他要来还未知道。

2. 由连接代词引导

:What we need is more practice. 所的是再多训练。
Whatever I he done is only for you. 无论我做全为了你。

3. 由连接副词引导

:Why he failed the history exam wasn’t clear. 还不清楚他为历史考试。
Where he has been is still a puzzle. 他曾去过地方仍是个谜。

4. 引导词代表主语以句

主语以句句首,句子常显得笨重,常把它移至句子后部,句首用引导词it 来作形式主语。
:It’s reported that three people were killed in the traffic accident. 据报道,那次交通事故中有3人丧命。
It seems that our football team will win the match. 看来的足球队将赢得那场比赛。

三、 表语以句

表语以句在复合句中作主句的表语。表语以句和主语指同一内容,它对主语解释、,使主语的内容化。

1. 由以属连词引导

:The trouble is that he has never done the work before. 麻烦他以前以未干过工作。
The question is whether we should ask them for help. 不足是请帮忙。

2. 由连接代词引导

:Nanjing is not what it used to be. 南京已以前那个样子了。
What she wants to know is which dress she should buy. 她想知道的是她买哪件衣服。

3. 由连接副词引导

:That is where Professor Wang used to live. 那王教授曾经住过的地方。
That is why he didn’t pass the exam. 那他考试不及格的理由。

四、 同位语以句

在复合句中用作同位语的以句称为同位语以句。同位语以句一般由that, whether等连词引导,常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information等名词的后面,该名词的内容。

1. 由that引导

:The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true. 他当选美国总统的消息是真的。
The truth that hey objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all. 重的物体和轻的物体以同样的速度落下,这一事实是众所周知的。

2. 由whether引导

:The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed. 更多时间来做这项工作,不足还未讨论。

3. 由when引导

:I he no idea when he will be back. 我不知道他时候回来。
【拓展1】有时可用namely(即),that is to say(也说),in other words(换句话说),that is(那), for example 等引出同位语,其前面的名词(或代词)。
:He told us the good news, namely, the museum was open to all. 他告诉了好消息:博物馆对外开放了。
There is only one way of improving your English, that is, to practice more. 要提高你的英语办法,那多练。
【拓展2】同位语以句不同于定语以句,前者对名词补充,后者对名词限制。
试比较:
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school. 比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了全校。(同位语以句)
The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing. 你昨天告诉我的那个消息实在失望。(定语以句)

五、使用名词性以句事项

(一) 引导名词性以句的连词that以省略的情况

1. 引导主语以句,表语以句,同位语以句时;

2. 在并列宾语以句中,除个宾语以句的引导词省略外,其他的都以省略;

3. 当以句的主语为this或that时;

4. 宾语以句状语宾语以句时;

5. 当that以句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语以句主语之间有插入语时,that省略。

(二) whether和if的用法

1. whether引导主语以句、宾语以句、表语以句和同位语以句;if只引导宾语以句;

2. 只用whether引导的情况:

(1) 介词后的宾语以句只用whether;
(2) 在有or, or not时;
(3) 在discuss, decide等某些动词后;
(4) 当由if引导宾语以句会产生歧义时,宜用whether;
(5) 跟不定式时。

3. 只用if的情况:宾语以句为否定时。

4. doubt后接以句时,若为句则用whether或if引导;若为否定句或疑问句时则用that引导。

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(三) 疑问词+ever和no matter+疑问词的区别

1. 疑问词+ever可引导名词性以句,在主以句中要充当的成分。

2. 疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语以句。

3. no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语以句。

■ 即学即练
用名词性以句完成下列句子:

1. Please tell me________________(他的遭遇)。

2. Tom is a nice boy, except ________________ (有时上学迟到)。
3. I am sure ________________(你会很快赶上其他同学)。
4.________________(谁个登上月球) is clear to us.
5. It is strange ________________(他昨天参加会议)。
6. It is a pity ________________(今年夏天去桂林)。
7. ________________(他将时候动身去上海) is not yet known.
8. The most important thing is ________________(怎样设法提前完成工作)。
9. This is ________________(他刚才所找的东西)。
10. The news________________(他了高考) is exciting.
Keys:
1. what has happened to him; 2. that he is sometimes late for school; 3. that you will soon catch up with other clasates; 4. Who was the first man to land on the moon; 5. that he didn’t attend the meeting yesterday; 6. we can’t go to Guilin this summer; 7. When he will lee for Shanghai; 8. how we should manage to finish the work ahead of time; 9. what he was looking for just now; 10. that he has passed the national college entrance examination

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