试论案例分析高中英语语法:“虚拟语气”教学方案分析

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一、案例背景

本节课是以学生为出发点,采用任务型教学方法,自主、合作学习方法,对学生进行知识与能力的培养。“新课标”倡导任务型教学途径,即根据学习内容设计各种交际任务,让学生通过完成这些任务进行学习,学会用英语做事,以培养学生综合运用语言的能力。任务型教学认为课堂教学要有真实的生活特征,本单元语法“虚拟语气” 适合于创设各种情境,从而能够激发学生的兴趣和引起其主动参与语言实践活动的。基于这一特点可以把教材拓展到学生生活实际,实现教学的生活化,实用化。因此在本节课中以虚拟语气的含义和构成为主线,创设不同的情境,在不同语境中使学生通过交流合作达到对虚拟语气的掌握。

二、教学内容

New Senior English for China Student’s Book6 Unit2
Grammar: 虚拟语气(2)

三、教学过程及分析

Step1 Warming up
Ask the students to go back to Page 10 and study of list poems, Poem C Our First Football Match and translate it into Chinese, paying special attention to its verb forms:
We would he won ……
If Jack had scored that goal,
If we’d had just a few more minutes,
If we had trained harder,
If Ben had passed the ball to Joe,
If we’d had thousands of fans screaming,
If I hadn’t taken my eye off the ball,
If we hadn’t stayed up so late the night before,
If we hadn’t taken it easy,
If we had源于:论文格式范文www.618jyw.com
n’t run out of energy,
We would he won……
If we’d been better!
分析:学生在Unit1已经了解到英语的动词一般有三种不同的语气:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。学习了虚拟语气两种形式:①虚拟语气出现在if引导的条件状语从句一般现在时里的用法;②虚拟语气出现在动词wish后的宾语从句里的用法。而本单元出现的虚拟语气的时态用法是学生没有具体接触过的,所以,回顾本单元中reading里含虚拟语气的句子,先让学生有针对性地自主学习,自然地过度到对本单元的语法学习。
Step2 Making sentences
Ask the students to try their best to make sentences using the subjunctive mood.
分析:学生通过用Unit1所学的虚拟语气造句,充分展开想象力。学生们造的句子虽然简单,但非常生动、有趣:If I were a chicken, … / If I were fish, …/ If we had enough money, …/If she were a chairman, …这样可以使他们在轻松愉快的气氛中对所学知识的复习,在自主学习的基础上,通过合作、交流来完善、丰富学习经验、体会,提高参与率、积极性,也是对本节课的语法学习做了铺垫。
Step3 Grammar learning
Get the students to form group of 6. Ask them to study the following sentences and try to summarize the structure and usages of the subjunctive mood.

1.The subjunctive mood in the past tense:

(1)If I had got up earlier, I couldn’t he been late for school.
(2)If I had been more careful, I could he done better .
(3)If I had been in the mood, I would he gone shopping.
2.The subjunctive mood in the future tense.
(1)从句谓语用过去式:
If your teacher knew it, she would be angry.
If it rained tomorrow, going hiking would be putting off.
(2)从句谓语用should+动词原形(通常指可能性极小的事情,一般译为“万一”)。
If it should rain, the crops would be sed.
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me.
If I should be free tomorrow, I will come. (3)从句谓语用were to+动词原形(通常指极小或近几乎不可能,有时指出乎预料);
If it were to rain tomorrow, they would not go out.
分析:教师布置任务,小组合作学习虚拟语气,自然过渡到下一步。
Step4 Summing up
Ask the students to try their best to draw the conclusions of the subjunctive mood.
(1)The subjunctive mood is usually used to talk about situations that are not true or not likely to be true. The situation referred to in the subjunctive mood is not real, but it is hypothetical.
(2)The subjunctive mood is often found in a clause beginning with the word “if”. The past perfect tense(had done/been) is often used in the “if” a clause and “would + he done/been” is often used in the main clause expressing the situation contrary to the past.
(3)In ex源于:免费论文查重站www.618jyw.com
pressing the situation contrary to the future, “were/ did/ should/ + v./ were to + v.” is often used in the “if” clause and “would + v.” is often used in the main clause expressing the situation contrary to the future.
分析:此环节体现了合作探究的学习策略,6人为一小组。小组成员展开激烈讨论,总结规律,归纳虚拟语气的用法。组长控制好了讨论问题的时间,明确分工,达到高效讨论。学生交流合作,发表意见;讨论整合出最佳成果,明确了发言人。发言的同学提前做好了准备,并且口头展示声音洪亮,语速适中。每组发言人呈现讨论结果时,其他小组同学都认真倾听、评价。这培养学生的语言表现能力及敢于展现自我的素养,同时也使学生加深对知识的理解。体现了真正意义上的语法任务型教学。这使学生对语言的感知和理解更加清晰,形象更加活跃,思维更加深刻,记忆更加牢固。通过合作使学生对自己的发言更加自信。也体现合作学习过程的完整性。
Step5 Grammar practice
Ask students to do the following exercises:
1.Change the following sentences into the subjunctive mood. Put the verbs into the correct forms.
(1)He was lazy, so he didn’t finish his homework.
(2)We didn’t know your address , so we didn’t visit you.
(3)I got up late, so I didn’t catch the early bus.
分析:三个句子简单易懂,所以学生很快就完成了任务。
2.Do Ex.3 in Discovering useful structures on Page13.
分析:再次练习,使语法知识得以进一步的巩固。且练习之后,学生对虚拟语气更加清晰,明了。
3.Do the exercises in Using Structures on Page50-51.
First ask students to do the exercises individually, and then let them discuss and check their answers with their partners, and finally give them correct answers and deal with any problems they might meet.
分析:各小组学生,结合练习思考,先自主完成练习来巩固所学知识。有针对性地自主学习,提高自主学习能力。学会运用归纳法,经过前面的几个步骤的操练,学生已经理解并能初步运用这个语法结构的规律。
Step6 Homework

1.Finish off the Workbook exercises.

2.Preview listening and speaking.

四、案例反思

在英语教学中,语法教学历来就是一个难点。如何把枯燥乏味的语法课上得趣味横生,这就要求英语教师要专研语法教材,精心设计语法教学,为学生营造轻松愉快的英语学习氛围,从而轻松习得语法知识。
在这节虚拟语气教学过程中,教师始终把注意力放在学生对新课语法意识成功的体验上,实施任务型教学。其途径并非体现在教师对该语法滔滔不绝或绘声绘色的讲解,而是表现在学生对教师有针对性的语法情景设置能作出有意义的语言反应上。这种有意义的语言反应,因为有该语法概念作为内核,因此可以使学生的语法意识得到体验。等到这种成功的体验积累到一定数量时,教师或学生对语法规则或用法上的稍加点拨便会使这种体验升华到理性的高度,深层地储存于大脑地记忆库中。
在课堂上,充分体现了任务型教学及自主学习和合作学习。让学生畅所欲言,各抒己见,从而真正实现人人参与。教师作为组织者,要善于引导学生学习的过程,评价学生的学习态度、方法和效果。在传统观念中,传授英语知识是一名英语老师全部职责,这其实是一个思想中的误区。在英语新课程的教学活动中,要学习英语知识,也要培养英语能力,还要注重培养学生学习英语的兴趣,要将学生的新奇感转化为未知欲,从而真正实现“以学生为本”的理念。
五、总结
在实施新一轮课改的过程中,在素质教育的今天,教师要针对学生的实际,在教学内容、教学环节、教学方法上巧妙构思,合理布局,充分发挥学生的想象力和创造力,通过师生的共同努力,切实提高英语语法教学的课堂效益,从而在教与学中不断进步。让原本“死气沉沉”的语法课真正“活”起来吧!
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